Pollen allergy

In recent years, we have witnessed an increase in allergic diseases in all age groups, especially in children.

Individuals with pollen hypersensitivity have specific IgE antibodies on mast cells and basophils. Upon contact with pollen particles, a cascade of chemical events occurs, leading to degranulation and release of mediators (early phase in 5-20 min). Within hours, the site of reaction is infiltrated by inflammatory cells and allergic inflammation develops.

Clinical manifestations include:

• allergic rhinitis (itching, sneezing, watery discharge, stuffy nose),
• conjunctivitis (watering, itching, redness, swelling, photophobia),
• symptoms of bronchial asthma (dry and irritating cough, wheezing, whistling in the chest, shortness of breath),
• skin and digestive problems (abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, cramps).

The prevalence of this allergy is higher in cities than in rural areas. The pollen season has been continuously lengthening recently. It usually lasts from February/March to mid-September/October.

Diagnosis of pollen allergy is not difficult. In addition to the typical history and clinical picture, it is demonstrated by skin tests or blood tests. It can also be supplemented with spirometry and nitric oxide (NO) testing.

Therapy:

• regimen measures (limiting contact with the allergen, frequent washing of the face and hair, airing early in the morning, wearing glasses, etc.),
• pharmacological treatment (the most common group of drugs are so-called antihistamines – tablets or topical preparations for the eyes and nose).
• immunotherapy (a treatment procedure that consists of regularly introducing doses of allergen into the allergic person's body in injections, tablets or drops).

Pollen allergy negatively affects the quality of life (mainly work performance, ability to concentrate, etc.).

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